eBulletin for Coins, Culture, History and Archaeology of South Asia  

No. 2, March 2005  

Reesha Books International (website: www.reeshabooks.com)  


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Message from the Editor
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Welcome to the Reesha Books International’s monthly eBulletin for Coins, Culture, History and Archaeology of South Asia covering all the latest discoveries, news, views, books, events, happenings and humour in the fields of History, Culture, Coins and Archaeology.  From this issue onwards we have introduced an important feature of openings in the fields of history and archaeology. Read on…

 

Features of the Month are:

1.     New Discoveries

2.     Synopsis of Recent Researches

3.     New Publications

4.     Diary of Events

5.     Openings in History, Culture & Archaeology

6.     Story of the Month!

7.     I've Learned that ...

8.     Think it Over…

9.     Humour in Camping

10.  Beware of …

Editor

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1. New Discoveries

  • Dr. S. Kalyanraman of Sarasvati Nadi Shodh Prakalp, Chennai (kalyan97@gmail.com) has claimed to decipher the Harappan Script.

 

He says:

“Ancient metallurgists' repertoire; recurring messages on tablets using glyphs

Mirrored at: http://sarasvatismithy.blogspot.com/

The suite of Sarasvati hieroglyphs relate to smithy or artisans' workshops.


At least four or five tablets are seen to contain repetitive pictorial glyphs on molded tablets. The following are good examples from Harappa discovered during the  excavations between 1996 to 2000 by Kenoyer and Meadow. The glyphs are:


1. A buffalo

2. Looking backwards

3. A tiger

4. A lizard

5. A tree

6. A person (woman?) seated on the branch of a tree

7. A person kicking the buffalo on its head and  

8. spearing the animal with his upraised arm

9. A seated person in a yogic posture with a horned head-dress

10. A woman holding back two jackals rearing on their hindlegs

11. An elephant

12. A knave of a six-spoked wheel


Homonyms which depict the glyph and its rebus substantive related to metals (copper, iron, pancaloha – alloy of five metals, molten cast) and furnaces (furnace, goldsmith's portable furnace), smithy or blacksmith's workshop or mint or artisan's workshop are as follows;
the general appearance of animals on glyphs is related to pasaramu 'an animal'; rebus: pasra 'smithy':

buffalo: homa = bison (Ko.); soma = electrum (Skt.); hom = gold (Ka.)


look backwards: krammar-a = to turn, return; krammar-incu = to turn or send back (Te.) kamar = blacksmith (Santali) kamma_rsa_le = blacksmith's workshop (Ka.)


lizard: kuduru d.okka = a kind of lizard (Pa.)(DEDR 1712) kuduru = a goldsmith's portable  furnace (Te.) [kakr.a = common lizard (Santali); kan:gar= large brazier (K.)]


tree: kut.i = tree (Te.); kut.hi = furnace (Santali)


tiger, pair, woman: kol = metal; pancaloha (Ta.) kol = tiger (Santali) ko_la = woman (Nahali) kol = a pair (planets) (Ta.) sagal.a = pair (Ka.) ; saghad.i_ = furnace (G.) kolsa = to kick the foot forward (Santali) kola = killing (Te.) ib = two (Ka.); ib = iron (Santali)


yogic posture: kamad.ha = person in penance (G.) kammat.a-ku_t.am = mint (coiner, i.e. seal-maker) workshop (Ta.)


mer.go = with horns twisted back (Santali) mlecchamukha = copper (Skt.) melukka (Pali)  ko_d.u = horns (Ta.); kod. = artisan's workshop (Kuwi)


spy: eraka = any metal infusion (Ka.Tu.) heraka = spy (Skt.); eraka (G.) er-aka = upper arm (Te.) era = female (Santali) elephant: ibha = elephant (Skt.) ib = iron (Santali) knave of spoked wheel: erako = nave; erako = molten cast (Tu.) pasaramu = an animal (Te.); pasra = smithy (Santali.Mundari) http://www.harappa.com/indus5/page_440.html Slide 440. Figure 440.

Indus narrative tablet. Although neither of these specific molded terracotta tablet pieces comes from Trench 11, four less well preserved examples from the same mold(s) were found in debris outside of the perimeter wall in that area, clearly establishing a second half
of Period 3B date for these tablets. Note the rear of the buffalo and the front of the gharial in the left tablet which overlaps with the iconography of the right tablet, although in this case they do not seem to come from the same mold. (See also Images 89 and 90.)


http://www.harappa.com/indus/slideindex.html Slide 89. Figure 89. Molded tablet. Plano convex molded tablet showing an individual spearing a water buffalo with one foot pressing the head down and one arm holding the tip of a horn. A gharial is depicted above the
sacrifice scene and a figure seated in yogic position, wearing a horned headdress, looks on. The horned headdress has a branch with three prongs or leaves emerging from the center.

O n the reverse (90), a female deity is battling two tigers and standing above an elephant. A single Indus script depicting a spoked wheel is above the head of the deity.

Material: terra cotta; 

Dimensions: 3.91 length, 1.5 to 1.62 cm width; Harappa, Lot 4651-01; Harappa Museum, H95-2486; Meadow and Kenoyer 1997

http://www.harappa.com/indus/slideindex.html  Slide 90. Figure 90. Molded tablet. Plano convex molded tablet showing a female deity battling two tigers and standing above an elephant. A single Indus script depicting a spoked wheel is above the head of the deity.


On the reverse (89), an individual is spearing a water buffalo with one foot pressing the head down and one arm holding the tip of a horn. A gharial [crocodile] is depicted above the sacrifice scene and a figure seated in yogic position, wearing a horned headdress, looks on. The horned headdress has a branch with three prongs or leaves emerging from the center.


Material: terra cotta

Dimensions: 3.91 length, 1.5 to 1.62 cm width; Harappa, Lot 4651-01; Harappa Museum, H95-2486; Meadow and Kenoyer 1997


The cultural continuity of Sarasvati civilization is emphatic in Bharat which is consistent with the code of Sarasvati hieroglyphs which uses homonyms from the languages of Bharat in a linguistic area circa 5300 years Before Present (when the first inscription was created at Harappa). One example underscored by Kenoyer relates to the hindu tradition of wearing sindhur in the parting of the hair.


Nausharo: female figurine. Period 1B, 2800 – 2600 BCE. 11.6 x 30.9 cm.[After Fig. 2.19, Kenoyer, 1998]. Hair is painted black and parted in the middle of the forehead, with traces of red pigment in the part.This form of ornamentation may be the origin of the later Hindu tradition where a married woman wears a streak of vermilion or powdered cinnabar (sindur ) in the part of her hair. Choker and pendant necklace are also painted with red pigment, possibly


http://www.hindunetorg/saraswati/hindu1.pdf Page 10. The find of the figurine is by Jarrige. BB Lal also attests to this evidence of terracotta female figurine from Nausharo as an emphatic marker of continuity of culture from Sarasvati civilization days to present-day Hindu cultural practices.


The continuity of the metallurgical tradition from the days of Sarasvati civilization in Bharat, and the code of the hieroglyphs explain why many glyphs continue to be used on punch-marked metallic coins -- the mint-masters continue to show their tools of trade and raw materials used in creating wealth for the guild and providing metallic and other tools and artefacts for trade by sea-faring merchants, s'a_tava_hana (horse-rider caravans led by sanghvi_), for example. It is not mere coincidence that bharatiyo in Gujarati means 'caster of metals'. Bha_ratam Janam ! invoked by Vis'vamitra Gathina in R.gveda.”

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  • Tsunami Unearths New Temple   

 

The December 26 tsunami that ravaged India's southern coast may also have left a blessing by unearthing ancient Hindu temples. The temples discovered by Indian divers are believed to be part of the mythical city of Mahabalipuram. According to Hindu legend, the city was so beautiful the gods flooded it to preserve six of its seven temples. 


The Archaeological Survey of India launched the diving expedition after residents reported seeing a temple and other structures as the sea pulled back. The stone-structures, uncovered by the tsunami, are clearly man-made, archaeologists say. The tsunami also has revealed other relics along the coast in the southern state of Tamil Nadu.


The ancient gifts of the tsunami are expected to be presented to an international seminar on maritime archaeology next month in New Delhi.

 

  • 5 Tola Mohur of Ahmad Shah Bahadur

A unique and first known coin in gold weighing 5 Tola (54.61 g) has been discovered. It is issued in the name of Mughal Emperor, Ahmad Shah Bahadur from a south Indian mint called Karpa (modern Cuddapah). Read full story in the ICS Newsletter No. 35, Jan-March 2005.

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2.        Synopsis of Recent Researches

Mr. Parth R. Chauhan (Candidate for Doctor of Philosophy in Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.) has sent following synopsis of his Ph. D. research. He can be contacted at prchauhan@rediffmail.com

 

“Site-formation Studies and Palaeolithic Investigations in the Siwalik Hills of Northern India: Reconsidering the Soanian Industry”

This dissertation represents an investigation of the Soanian palaeolithic evidence through such aspects as land-use patterns, site-formation mechanisms, stone-tool production, and a critical historical review.  Despite almost seven decades of investigations in the Siwalik region, our understanding of the Soanian industry has remained poor.  In the past, most investigations have relied on insufficient data samples and ambiguous terrace sequences, resulting in biased artifact collections and inconsistent interpretations. Extensive systematic foot-surveys and geoarchaeological investigations were carried out by the author in the Siwalik frontal zone between the Ghaggar and Markanda rivers, northern India, yielding over twenty find-spots, off-sites, and factory/workshop sites, often in association with the Main Frontal Thrust.  Such occurrences have been affected by post-depositional mechanisms and recent anthropogenic interference.  Nonetheless, many sites appear to be linked with the differential locations of raw material found in varying geomorphic contexts.  This suggests intensive land-use within a small geographical area, reflecting significant ecological adaptations within a rapidly changing landscape.  A rich open-air factory site (Toka), in association with an uplifted post-Siwalik terrace, yielded the highest amount of artifacts [N = 4106], few of which were buried within terrace deposits.  The assemblage comprises varieties of hammerstones, cores, discoids, choppers, scrapers, flakes, angular fragments, potential manuports, and even micro-debitage.  Many specimens show varying degrees of use-wear indicating cutting, pounding, scraping, and chopping functions.  The assemblage also exhibits a preference of specific clast type and size, revealing a remarkable consistency in knapping technology and artifact morphology.  When combined with the geological observations, the advanced technological features of Toka suggests that Soanian sites in the frontal zone are post-Siwalik in age, and thus younger than the Acheulian assemblages in the region.  Toka and other such sites may potentially represent an episodic or a continuous phase(s) of occupation, highlighting such locations as centers of intense stone-tool manufacture, use, and discard.

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3.              New Publications

Ø     ICS Newsletter No. 35 (Jan-March, 2005) of Indian Coin Society and Reesha Books International is printed and is being dispatched. It consists of following research articles:

 

  • Narendra Kothari: Double Karshapana Punch-marked Coins of Katra Hoard;
  • Chandrashekhar Gupta: Bavana: A King or City-State?;
  • Premlata Pokharana: A Rare Hoard of Indo-Sassanian Coins from Khijuria, Rajasthan;
  • S. Mohanchand Dadha: How I Acquired the 5 Tola Mohur of Ahmad Shah Bahadur;
  • Dilip Rajgor: 5 Tola Karpa Mohur of Ahmad Shah Bahadur.

 

From this issue onwards we have changed the layout, size and overall format of the Newsletter. Now it looks more like a research journal in 1/8 demi size, 4-colour cover page, and 16 pages.

The ICS Newsletter is a research quarterly for coins, seals, tokens, medals and paper money of South Asia. All of you are invited to contribute research articles on your areas of specialization.

 

Ø     Old issues of ICS Newsletters are now available bound in 2 volumes: ICS Newsletter Nos. 1-20 in volume 1 and Nos. 21-34 in volume 2. To order, contact Ms. Priyamvada Pavagadhi of Reesha Books at info@reeshabooks.com.

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4.               Diary of Events

Ø     Biennial Conference of the European Association of South Asian Archaeologists: July 4-9, 2005.

The conference is being hosted by the UCL Institute of Archaeology and will be held in the British Museum. The venues will be in the Clore Centre and consist of two lecture theatres (with seating for 300 and 150), two seminar rooms for smaller meetings, and a foyer space. The topics of discussions include: Prehistoric Technologies and Cultural Traditions; Economies in South Asia; Technology, Regional Interaction and the Indus Civilization; The Cultural Diversity of Northwestern South Asia at the time of the Indus Civilization; Mind the Gap: Continuity and Change in South Asian archaeology: a panel designed to overcome the gulf in studies of Harappa and the Early Historic; Punch-Marked Coins - Numismatic, Literary and Epigraphic Evidence on, Chronology in Gandhara; The Hephthalites: White Huns in Archaeology

Archaeology of Religion; Issues in Indian Ocean Commerce and the Archaeology of South India;

Recent Work in the Himalayan Region; The Temple in South Asia; Pre-Mughal Architecture and Art; Recent Work in the Mughal Period; Indian Palace Architecture of the 18th and 19th Centuries; Cultural Heritage and Museum Collections.

 

Ø     Launch of a new coin society: Rajasthan Coin Society

Recently on 20th March 2005 at Jaipur a new numismatic society was launched to popularize, spread and study Indian numismatics. These are the office bearers – Patron: Dr. R. C. Agrawal; President: Mr. Narendra Kothari (nirupam@datainfosys.net); Secretary: Mrs. Premlata Pokharana (pokharna@rediffmail.com) ; Joint Secretary: Mr. Vishnu Kumar Gupta; Treasurer and PRO: Mr. Satpal Arora. The Founder Members apart from the above are, Mr. Prakash Kothari, Mr. Satya Narayan Sahil and Dr. Dilip Rajgor.

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5.        Openings in History, Culture & Archaeology

o       International Scholar Fellowship Program

Open Society Institute

For more details log on to: http://jobs.ac.uk/jobfiles/BJ163.html

o       Lecturer
Ancient Near Eastern Studies
Department of the Languages and Cultures of the Near and Middle East
School of Oriental & African Studies, University of London
For more details log on to: http://jobs.ac.uk/jobfiles/HW951.html

o       Lecturer in Ancient History
School of Humanities
Department of Classics, University of Nottingham
For more details log on to: http://jobs.ac.uk/jobfiles/EH280.html

o       Studentships
Department of History University of Sheffield

For more details log on to: http://jobs.ac.uk/jobfiles/IW765.html

o       Position of Academic Director

Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies

For more details log on: http://jobs.ac.uk/jobfiles/BJ148.html

o       A Researcher, Modern languages

Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for the History and Theory of Biography

For more details log on to:  http://jobs.ac.uk/jobfiles/FD983.html

o       Ph. D. Study Opportunities 2005/2006

University of Ulster

For more details log on to: http://jobs.ac.uk/jobfiles/HW732.html

o       Lecturer in the Study of Islam

Al-Maktoum Institute for Arabic and Islamic Studies

For more details log on to:  http://jobs.ac.uk/jobfiles/IW714.html

o       Research Associate

Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities (CRASSH) University of Cambridge

For more details log on to:  http://jobs.ac.uk/jobfiles/LL878.html

o       Two Postdoctoral Researcher Posts

Faculty of Theology Ian Ramsey Centre

University of Oxford

For more details log on to:  http://jobs.ac.uk/jobfiles/XW419.html

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6.          Story of the Month!

Worth What ?

Horror gripped the heart of a World War I soldier, as he saw his lifelong friend fall in battle. The soldier asked his Lieutenant if he could go out to bring his fallen comrade back. “You can go,” said the Lieutenant, “but don't think it will be worth it.  Your friend is probably dead and you may throw your life away.”

The Lieutenant's words didn't matter, and the soldier went anyway.

Miraculously, he managed to reach his friend, hoisted him onto his shoulder and brought him back to their company's trench. The officer checked the wounded soldier, and then looked kindly at his friend.

“I told you it wouldn't be worth it,” he said. “Your friend is dead and you are mortally wounded.”

“It was worth it, Sir,” said the soldier.

“What do you mean by worth it?” responded the Lieutenant. “Your friend is dead.”

“Yes, Sir,” the soldier answered, “but it was worth it because when I got to him, he was still alive and I had the satisfaction of hearing him say, ‘Jim... I knew, you'd come’”.

Many times in life, whether a thing is worth doing or not, really depends on how you look at it. Take up all your courage and do something your heart tells you to do so that you may not regret not doing it later in your life........

This is a true story. Share this with all your friends... 

“Let the spirit of friendship in us not die.”

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7. I've learned that ..

It is best to give advice only in two circumstances:

When it is requested, and

When it is a life-threatening situation.

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8. Think it Over …

In 1962, four nervous young musicians played their first record audition for the executives of the Decca Recording Company. The executives were not impressed. While turning down this Group of musicians, one executive said, “We don't like their sound. Groups of Guitars are on the way out.”  

Well, the Group later became famous as The Beatles.

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9. Humour in Camping

Remember this when you go out for Archaeological Camping…

Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson go on a camping trip, set up their tent, and fall asleep.

Some hours later, Holmes wakes his faithful friend. "Watson, look up at the sky and tell me what you see."

Watson replies, "I see millions of stars."

Holmes - "What does that tell you?"

Watson ponders for a minute and comments:

“Astronomically speaking, it tells me that there are millions of galaxies and potentially billions of planets.

Astrologically, it tells me that Saturn is in Leo.

Time wise, it appears to be approximately a quarter past three.

Theologically, it's evident the Lord is all-powerful and we are small and insignificant.

Meteorologically, it seems we will have a beautiful day tomorrow. By the Way, what does it tell you?"


Holmes is silent for a moment, and then speaks. "Someone has stolen our tent".

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10. Beware of …

How to Detect a 2-way Mirror?

Have you seen recent advertisement of M/s Saint Gobain Glasses shown on TV or in Hindi movie Humraaz? Then you must have known about 2-Way mirror. How to determine if a mirror is 2-way or not (Not a Joke!) Not to scare you, but to make sure that you aware. Many of the hotels and textile showrooms cheat the customers this way & watch you privately.

 

When we visit toilets, bathrooms, hotel rooms, changing rooms, etc., how many of you know for sure that the seemingly ordinary mirror hanging on the wall is a real mirror, or actually a 2-way mirror i.e., they can see you, but you can't see them? There have been many cases of people installing 2-way mirrors in female changing rooms or bathroom or bedrooms. It is very difficult to positively identify the surface by just looking at it.

So, how do we determine with any amount of certainty what type of mirror we are looking at? 


Fingernail Test: Conduct this Simple Test:

Place the tip of your fingernail against the reflective surface and if there is a GAP between your fingernail and the image of the nail, then it is a GENUINE mirror. However, if your fingernail DIRECTLY TOUCHES the image of your nail, then BEWARE, IT IS A 2-WAY MIRROR! (There is someone seeing you from the other side!). So remember, every time you see a mirror, do the "fingernail test."

The reason there is a gap on a real mirror, is that the silver is on the back of the mirror UNDER the glass whereas with a two-way mirror, the silver is on the Surface. Keep it in mind! Make sure and check every time you enter in hotel rooms and public places.

Please share this information with your friends, family and all.

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You are Invited …

Hello Friends,

If you feel you have some interesting information in the field of academics like new researches, discoveries, synopsis of your thesis; or news about events, job & research openings; or have interesting moral stories, etc, than do send us. These will be listed with your name in the forthcoming issues of eBulletins. You can also announce your seminars, conferences, work-shops, job openings, etc. in the eBulletin. If you are working on a research project, and want to get help like data, information, photographs, etc from others, than feel free to announce here. You can also publish summary of your latest excavations so as to reach to hundreds of historians, archaeologists and related institutions in no time. All these for FREE!

The eBulletin is subscribed by more than 800 historians, numismatists and archaeologists all over the world.

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Editor:

Dr. Dilip Rajgor (dr@reeshabooks.com)

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 Our Chain of Retail Outlets

MUMBAI:

·                Gifts R Us, Tarabaug Estate, Near Charni Road Station, Mumbai 400 004; Phone: 022-5635 5178 (Contact Persons – Kiran Shah, Raghu)

·                Coin Gallery, 22A, Lansdowne Road, Bright Lands Bldg, Behind Regal Cinema, Apollo Bunder, Colaba, Mumbai 400 039; Phone: 022-22852355 (Contact Person – Abdul Razak Shaikh)

·                Coins Centre, Room No. 6, 1st Floor, 121 Memon Manzil, Near Zam Zam Hotel, Opp. Shaifi High School, Baniyan Street, Pydhonie, Mumbai 400 003; Phone: 022-2346 1574 (Contact Person – Zubair Khan)

·                Coins & Curios Centre, 28/30 Morvi House Compund, S B Path (Goa Street), Fort, Mumbai 400 001; Phone: 022-2265 8046, 98331 11958 (Contact Person – Ramesh Velunde)

Ahmedabad:

·                Coins N Collectibles, No. 35, Hotel Radhey, Gandhi Road, Ahmedabad, 380 001; Phone: 94260 58790 (Contact Person – Harish D. Shah)

Mehidpur:

·                Ashwini Research Center: Academy for Archaeology & Numismatics, Anant Bhawan, Ashadi Gali, Mehidpur, Dist. Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. Phone: 07365-233226  (Contact Person – Dr. R. C. Thakur)

Nagpur:

·                Numismatic Art Gallery, 104 Sanskrutik Sankul, Jhansi Rani Square, Sitabuldi, Nagpur; Phone: 0712-2561165 (Contact Person – Avinash Ramteke)

·                Coin World, Golchha Marg, Main Road Sadar, Nagpur 440 001; Phone: 98222 20826 (Contact Person – Piyush Agarwal)

 

 

New Delhi:

·                Curios Centre, 55 Gole Market, New Delhi 110 001; Phone: 011-23744204, 23743041 (Contact Person – Goga Jain)

Pondicherry:

·                Je Cee Enterprises, 16 Chetty Street, Pondicherry 605 001; Phone: 0413-234 9180 (Contact Person – A. V. Jaychandran)

Secunderabad

·                Numisphila Services, No. 9, First Floor, H. M. Ishaque Estate, M. G. Road, Secunderabad 500 003; Phone: 93947 43039 (Contact Person – Kanti Kumar Sevak)

Vadodara:

·                Shri Mahavir Trading Co., Shri Vallabh Pushti Complex, Shop No. 9, Krishna Sheri, Karoria Pole, M. G. Road, Vadodara 390 018; Phone: 0265-242 1552 (Contact Person – Kirit Parekh)


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